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Menstruation; Whats happening to my body?

Contents [ hide ] Introduction Actually, what you are experiencing is a normal physiological process that begins once a girl reaches puberty. The first menstruation in a woman’s life is referred to as menarche , this could happen between the ages of 10 to 15 with most (the average) girls having theirs around age 12. It involves bleeding from the uterus at regular intervals. The end of menstruation is termed menopause , this usually happens between the ages of 45 to 55. Menstruation is therefore defined as the cyclical or monthly flow of blood and shedding of endometrium including mucus, some enzymes and unfertilized ovum. So, what really happens? Well in simple terms, it all begins with changes in hormones in the body. You can think of hormones as messengers that are sent by some organs of your body to tell other cells to do something. In this particular case, an organ called hypothalamus which is found in your brain begins the process. [Fast forward] The ovaries release f...
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Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis); spread, signs and symptoms, management, prevention

Introduction

This is highly contagious acute viral disease of the nervous system leading to paralysis of the lower limbs.

Causative organism: poliovirus types I, II, III.

Incubation period 3 – 21 days

Mode of transmission

  • Direct from faces of infected person to the mouth of uninfected person through the hands
  • Indirect through contaminated food and water
  • Direct or indirect from pharyngeal secretions of infected person.
Photo by Histopathology-India.net

Signs and symptoms

  1. Starts with fever
  2. Malaise and headache
  3. Irritability and restlessness
  4. Nausea and vomiting
  5. Severe muscle pain and stiffness or neck
  6. Respiratory failure if the respiratory muscles are affected
  7. Paralysis occur in 3 -4 days as the temperature slows down

Management

  • Symptomatic treatment
  • Ensure barrier nursing
  • Sponge child to reduce temperature
  • Personal hygiene is taken care off
  • Avoid injection during fever period (prevent provoking paralysis)
  • Rehabilitation is case of permanent disability

Prevention and control

  1. Isolation
  2. Immunization of all children with oral polio vaccine
  3. Proper disposal of faces and discharges from the throat (disinfect before disposal)
  4. Concurrent disinfection of article soiled by discharges/faces
  5. Proper hand washing before eating/handling of food / after visiting the toilet.
  6. Keeping finger nails short
  7. Cover food and water to prevent cockroaches and setting on it
  8. Notification and Health education on the disease

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General Nursing Management of Patients with Medical Pathology

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