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Menstruation; Whats happening to my body?

Contents [ hide ] Introduction Actually, what you are experiencing is a normal physiological process that begins once a girl reaches puberty. The first menstruation in a woman’s life is referred to as menarche , this could happen between the ages of 10 to 15 with most (the average) girls having theirs around age 12. It involves bleeding from the uterus at regular intervals. The end of menstruation is termed menopause , this usually happens between the ages of 45 to 55. Menstruation is therefore defined as the cyclical or monthly flow of blood and shedding of endometrium including mucus, some enzymes and unfertilized ovum. So, what really happens? Well in simple terms, it all begins with changes in hormones in the body. You can think of hormones as messengers that are sent by some organs of your body to tell other cells to do something. In this particular case, an organ called hypothalamus which is found in your brain begins the process. [Fast forward] The ovaries release f...
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Introduction to Hypothesis Testing II PowerPoint Presentation

P-Value Approach

  • The p-value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the test statistic we calculated from the sample.
  • The p-value is also known as the observed significance level.  
  • It adds a degree of significance to the result of the hypothesis.
  • We can now determine how strongly we “reject” or “fail to reject” the null hypothesis.
  • If p-value < α, we reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value ≥ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
  • The farther the p-value is from α, the stronger the decision.
Example
  • Company packages salted and unsalted peanuts in 16 – ounce sacks. The company’s filling strives for an average fill amount equal to 16 ounces.
    Suppose, z = 3.32 and α = 0.10
    then the p- value = 2(0.0005) = 0.0010.
    Decision Rule:
    Since the p-value = 0.0010 < α = 0.010, we reject H0
    and conclude that the average filling amount is not equal to 16 ounces
 
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